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Metadata cache thrashing begins when active file and directory records cannot stay resident long enough to be reused before eviction.

Depth adds path components, but discovery cost is driven by directories visited, entries examined, attributes requested, and cache misses.

Startup order is reliable only when dependency, readiness, retry, and mount requirements are encoded instead of assumed from timing.

The first read fills the page cache; repeated reads can avoid storage until memory pressure reclaims those cached pages.

Tiny previews can require large source reads, image or video decoding, many small writes, and repeated metadata updates across a media library.

Sequential throughput reflects streaming efficiency; random reads reveal request delay, locality loss, cache misses, and per-file overhead.

Queue depth helps a NAS use storage parallelism until outstanding requests become waiting work, raising latency even as total throughput improves.

An SSD's SLC cache accelerates short NAS writes, but sustained transfers can expose slower native NAND and competing internal data movement.